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Figure 14.1

Map of Western Canada showing tectonic elements, lines of cross section for schematics (Figs. 14.10-14.16), and distribution of uppermost Devonian and Carboniferous lithofacies assemblages in the WCSB. See Figure 14.2 for the formational composition of lithofacies assemblages (modified from Richards, 1989b).

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Figure 14.2

Correlation chart of Carboniferous lithostratigraphic units from southwestern Manitoba to southwestern District of Mackenzie, with standard chronostratigraphic units and Carboniferous zonal schemes. Dashed lines indicate nature of contact uncertain; question marks indicate position of line uncertain (modified from Richards, 1989b and Richards et al., in press).

Figure 14.3

Principal present-day geological elements of Western Canada (after Douglas et al., 1970).

Figure 14.4

Map of western North America showing relation of Prophet Trough in Western Canada to Antler Foreland Basin in the western United States. An inner arc basin (Slide Mountain Basin) lies southwest of the western rim of Prophet Trough (modified from Sando et al., 1990).

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Figure 14.5

Map showing some of the major normal faults in the Peace River Embayment of northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia (compiled by Richards and Halbertsma from unpublished seismic and lithostratigraphic data).

Figure 14.6

Integrated interpretive seismic display showing normal faults along northern margin of the Fort St. John Graben in Peace River Embayment. The sonic and gamma-ray logs for the borehole at 9-24-82-11W6, plotted in depth, tie to the zero-offset vertical seismic profile (VSP) and permit a precise correlation with the surface seisimc section. The surface seismic is also tied to boreholes at 7-36-82-11W6 and 2-25-82-11W6. The stratigraphic cross section (lower right) incorporates data from the surface seismic cross section, vertical and lateral seismic profiles, and borehole logs.

Figure 14.7

Surface seismic cross section (courtesy of PanCanadian Petroleum Ltd.) showing Carboniferous succession at Lake Alma in central Williston Basin of south-central Saskatchewan. Seismic is tied to the sonic log for the well at 5-29-1-17W2. The prominent arch-shaped structure resulted from post-Carboniferous dissolution of Devonian evaporites below the adjacent lows, and collapse of overlying deposits. The cross section shows the layer-cake nature of succession; poorly defined clinoforms are evident in eastern Lodgepole.

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Figure 14.8

Structure on top of the Carboniferous map unit. Map also shows subcrop distribution of Carboniferous units and erosional zero edges. The prominent northeast-plunging structure in southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan is the present-day Sweetgrass Arch.

Figure 14.9

Formal and informal lithostratigraphic units in Lower Carboniferous Madison Group of southern Saskatchewan (modified from Fuzesy, 1973). A question mark on a boundary indicates uncertainty in its position with respect to the chronostratigraphic units.

Figure 14.10

Stratigraphic cross section K-K'showing uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous in northeastern Williston Basin (after Edie, 1958). See Figure 14.1 for line of section K-K'. Note that the vertical scale (1:12 000) is condensed relative to the Atlas cross section standard (1:6000).

Figure 14.11

Stratigraphic cross section L-L'(non-palinspastic) showing uppermost Rundle Group and overlying Spray Lakes Group of southwestern Alberta (modified from Scott, 1964). See Figure 14.1 for line of section L-L'. Vertical scale (1:6000) is Atlas cross section standard.

Figure 14.12

Partly schematic stratigraphic cross section M-M'(non-palinspastic) showing Carboniferous of southwestern Alberta (modified from Richards, 1989b). See Figure 14.1 for line of section M-M'. Note that the vertical scale (1:24 000) is very markedly condensed relative to the Atlas cross section standard (1:6000).

Figure 14.13

Stratigraphic cross section N-N'(non-palinspastic) showing uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous of west-central Alberta (modified from Richards, 1989b). See Figure 14.1 for line of section N-N'. Vertical scale (1:6000) is Atlas cross section standard.

Figure 14.14

Stratigraphic cross section O-O'(non-palinspastic) showing uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous of eastern Rocky Mountains of east-central British Columbia. Locations of late Paleozoic normal faults are based on changes in thickness and lithology between stratigraphic sections; actual faults not observed (modified from Richards, 1989b). See Figure 14.1 for line of section O-O'. Vertical scale (1:6000) is Atlas cross section standard.

Figure 14.15

Stratigraphic cross section P-P'(palinspastic) showing uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous of southwestern District of Mackenzie and southeastern Yukon Territory (modified from Richards, 1989b). See Figure 14.1 for line of section P-P'. Note that the vertical scale (1:18 000) is markedly condensed relative to the Atlas cross section standard (1:6000).

Figure 14.16

Stratigraphic cross section R-R'(palinspastic) showing Lower Carboniferous in eastern Cordillera of southwestern District of Mackenzie (from Richards, 1989b). See Figure 14.1 for line of section R-R'. Note that the vertical scale (1:24 000) is very markedly condensed relative to the Atlas cross section standard (1:6000).

Figure 14.17

Generalized model of a Carboniferous carbonate ramp (modified from Richards, 1989a).

Figure 14.18

Generalized model of a Carboniferous carbonate platform (from Richards, 1989a).

Figure 14.19

Lower stratigraphic slice for northwestern panel of cross section A-A', showing uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous (Besa River, Banff and Rundle assemblages) from east-central Alberta to northeastern British Columbia. See Figures 14.21 and 14.22 for upper slice and Figures 14.31d and 14.31f for reference logs. Note that block faulting was complex and occurred throughout deposition of the illustrated succession. Because the base of the Pekisko Formation is the datum, strata that overlie the Pekisko and were deposited as thick graben fills appear here as apparent horst areas.

Figure 14.20

Southeastern panel of cross section A-A'showing uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous (Banff and Rundle assemblages) deposited in central Williston Basin and on the northern Madison Shelf, southern Saskatchewan. Figure 14.31a shows reference logs.

Figure 14.21

Segment of upper stratigraphic slice for northwestern panel of cross section A-A', emphasizing Carboniferous Mattson assemblage and overlying Permian in eastern Peace River Embayment, northwestern Alberta. Note that the horizontal scale is here expanded from the Atlas norm.

Figure 14.22

Segment of upper stratigraphic slice for northwestern panel of cross section A-A', emphasizing Lower Carboniferous Mattson assemblage in eastern Liard Basin, northeastern British Columbia.

Figure 14.23

Cross-section B-B* showing Carboniferous (Banff and Rundle assemblages) deposited in eastern Prophet Trough and on the northern cratonic platform, northeastern British Columbia and northwestern Alberta. Figure 14.31f illustrates reference logs.

Figure 14.24

Lower stratigraphic slice of cross section C-C*, showing Lower Carboniferous (Banff and Rundle assemblages) in Peace River Embayment, northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia. Figure 14.25 shows upper slice; Figure 14.31d shows reference logs. Note that block faulting occurred throughout deposition of the illustrated succession. Because the base of the Pekisko Formation is the datum, strata that overlie the Pekisko and were deposited as thick graben fills appear here as apparent horst areas.

Figure 14.25

Upper stratigraphic slice of cross section C-C*, emphasizing Carboniferous Mattson assemblage and Permian succession in Peace River Embayment, northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia. Figure 14.24 shows lower slice; Figures 14.31d and 14.31e illustrate reference logs.

Figure 14.26

Cross section D-D*, showing uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous (Banff and Rundle assemblages) deposited on western cratonic platform, west-central Alberta. Figure 14.31c shows reference logs.

Figure 14.27

Cross section F-F', showing uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous (Banff and Rundle assemblages) deposited on northern Madison Shelf, southwestern Saskatchewan and southern Alberta.

Figure 14.28

Cross section G-G*, showing uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous (Banff, Rundle and Mattson assemblages) deposited in eastern and central Williston Basin, southwestern Manitoba and southeastern Saskatchewan. Figure 14.31a illustrates reference logs.

Figure 14.29

Cross section H-H', showing uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous (Banff, Rundle and Mattson assemblages) deposited in eastern Prophet Trough and on the northern Madison Shelf, southwestern Alberta. Figure 14.31b provides reference logs.

Figure 14.30

Cross section J-J', showing uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous (Banff and Rundle assemblages) deposited in eastern Prophet Trough and on the cratonic platform (northern Madison Shelf), southern Alberta and eastern Saskatchewan. Figure 14.31b shows reference logs.

Figure 14.31

Representative borehole sections showing relations between mechanical logs and rock types in: a. central Williston Basin, south-central Saskatchewan (locality lies on cross section G-G*); b. Rocky Mountain Foothills near Moose Mountain, southwestern Alberta (locality lies near the western end of cross section J-J', along section H-H'); c. easternmost Rocky Mountain Foothills, west-central Alberta (locality lies near western end of cross section D-D*); d. Peace River Embayment, northwestern Alberta (locality lies on cross section C-C*); e. western Peace River Embayment, northeastern British Columbia (locality lies near southwestern end of cross section C-C*); and f. western cratonic platform, northeastern British Columbia (locality lies on cross section B-B*). Vertical scale for all wells is Atlas standard (1:3000).

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Figure 14.32

Isopach and distribution map for the total Carboniferous succession of southern and central parts of the WCSB. Isopachs in Cordillera are contoured using data from palinspastically restored localities. Map also shows oil and gas fields in Carboniferous strata (reservoir data from Hay, this volume, Chapter 32; see also Tables 14.32a1, 2, 3, and Tables 14.32b1, 2, 3).

Table 14.32a and b

Ten largest Carboniferous oil and gas fields.

Table 14.32a1

Oil production from the Banff/Bakken.

Table 14.32b1

Gas production from the Banff/Bakken.

Table 14.32a2

Oil production from the Shunda/Pekisko - Mission Canyon.

Table 14.32b2

Gas production from the Shunda/Pekisko - Mission Canyon.

Table 14.32a3

Oil production from the Debolt/Elkton.

Table 14.32b3

Gas production from the Debolt/Elkton.

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Figure 14.33

Distribution and isopach map of uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous Banff assemblage (see Figure 14.2 for formations). Isopachs in the eastern Cordillera are contoured using thicknesses at palinspastically restored locations.

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Figure 14.34

Distribution and isopach map of Lower Carboniferous Rundle assemblage (see Fig. 14.2 for formations). Isopachs in the eastern Cordillera are contoured using thicknesses at palinspastically restored locations.

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Figure 14.35

Distribution and isopach map of Lower Carboniferous strata in Mattson assemblage (see Fig. 14.2 for formations). Isopachs in eastern Cordillera are contoured using thicknesses at palinspastically restored locations.